SUMMARY

The goal of this study is to investigate key process parameters affecting the fast pyrolysis of biomass and create a predictive model for the conversion of biomass on a component basis. The objectives are to determine Arrhenius coefficients for the isothermal fast pyrolysis of biomass on the component level, implement those coefficients in a predictive model extending beyond the characterized species, and measure the impact of process parameters upon bio-oil quality and quantity for the purpose of making industrial process recommendations. Initial investigations have been targeted at obtaining descriptors for the kinetics of the fast pyrolysis of Pinus Taeda. The design and fabrication of a fast pyrolysis micro-reactor for the processing of small samples of biomass was completed and experimentation was then conducted to derive the Arrhenius coefficients as a reaction descriptor. Analysis of the results from both the micro-reactor system and TGA clearly indicate that the temperature history obtained during the TGA process dramatically alters the process kinetics and consequently the reaction products. A three component fast pyrolysis model is proposed accounting for heat and mass transfer within a bed of particles as well as product evolution as a function of reaction plate temperature, reaction duration, particle size distribution, and biomass component ratios. Kinetic parameters will be derived for the three main constituents of woody biomass, based upon curve fits to experimental results from Pinus Taeda. Experimental validation of the model will be performed through a statistical experimental design approach. Bio-oil quality assessment will be performed and through the application of ANOVA key process parameter operating points and interactions will be identified. Finally, process recommendations will be made for the potential industrial application of the investigated reactions and recommendations made for reactor design.