SUMMARY

Many organisms, from cells to ants to bees, can link their bodies together to build large aggregations. The robustness of these structures depends on their ability to adapt to changes in environmental conditions. In this thesis, we examine the collective behaviors of red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) and black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) in complex fluid environments. We report metabolic rates of ant structures, statistics of random walks, and the collectives' response to external flows. Particular attention is paid to using a minimalist approach that avoids making assumptions about the social rules these insects have to follow. Through both experimental and numerical approaches, we find that complex swarm behaviors can emerge from simple physical interactions, suggesting that swarm intelligence may arise from the natural mechanical designs of these insects.