SUMMARY

Ammonia is crucial in modern agriculture, as synthetic nitrogenous fertilizers supply over half of the nitrogen input into croplands. However, ammonia production through the Haber-Bosch process contributes to 1.2 % of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions and 2 % of the global energy consumption. Thus, momentum has been building to transition Ammonia production towards renewable and electrified approaches. There are inherent risks and opportunities tied to adopting new technologies and electrifying ammonia production will likely result in a new decentralized market for green ammonia. This work aims to answer critical questions about future green ammonia infrastructure. First, I develop models for blue and green ammonia production to study the deployment and integration of these systems in future energy markets. Then, I developed a multi-objective geospatial optimization model to study how to create a wind and photovoltaic electricity-driven ammonia production infrastructure while minimizing production and distribution costs and water stress. Additionally, this work considers the effects of decentralization in the ammonia production infrastructure on increasing fuel and transportation costs.